NRG Surveys

User's Guide for the Psion Organiser

NRG Surveys, Castle View, Station Road,
Llanfairfechan, Gwynedd, LL33 0AN

Contents

How to Read this Manual Setting Up The System Where to Put the Packs Sexagesimal Entry Control Stations Setting Out Setting Out by Coordinates Setting Up Design Strings Creating Strings on the Psion Typical Summary Setting Out from Design Strings Key Presses Display Modes Set Out Main Menu Reference Obs Menu Reference Setting Out to Design Strings and Checking Work Profiles Batter Rails Piles/Random Coordinates Tunnels Circular Tunnel Shape Custom Tunnel Shape Entering Shapes Trackwork Data Logging Changing Measurement Mode Sectioning Offsetting Surveying 1 Face 2 Face Traversing Traverse Menu Data Transfer to the PC Psion Troubleshooting Communications Appendix Saving System Configuration Printer Settings Setting Up Instruments to Transmit Sokkisha or Pentax Instruments Setting Out Profiles Displaying Information With Custom Programs Index

How to Read this Manual

Much of this manual contains instructions in parallel with indications of Psion screen output. Through the manual, anything output by the Psion is represented in a sans serif or monospaced typeface.

Psion menu optionS are indicated in the main text by [brackets]. Note that for clarity we have sometimes ignored the Psion's habit of displaying everything in capitals - [SectF] is clearer for Section Forward than [SECTF].

Setting Up The System

Where to Put the Packs

Coordinate and station files are stored on B:. In order to allow frequent updating a RAMpack is recommended for use in B:. Should no pack be present, device A: (Psion internal memory) will be used.

String data is stored on pack B: or C: and the program pack may be used in either slot.

Sexagesimal Entry

Note that 123° 45' 56" is represented and should be entered as 123.4556.

Control Stations

Prior to taking the Psion into the field enter the control stations into its control file as follows.

Select [Sta] from menu2 by using the cursor keys.

Press EXE	Control Station
Select [Add].	Add Edit Del Read Print Quit
Confirm [Add].	Add Menu
Enter the station name; its easting; its northing; and its altitude.	Stn East North Alt
Select [Add] again to add new points or [Menu] to return to the station editor menu.	Add Menu

Setting Out

Setting Out by Coordinates

Store coordinates you are likely to need using [Fman] (file management).

Select [Fman] from menu2. Select [Co-ords].	DIR SPACE DEL COORDS DUMP COPY FORMAT
Enter the file name to edit and set as current (for setting out). Default is coords.	Filename:
Select [Add] again.	ADD MENU
Type in the label by which the point will be accessed.	LABEL
Enter co-ordinates.	EAST: NORTH:
After completing co-ordinates, select [Menu] and you will be returned back through the menu.
To set out by Co-ordinates	Fman SetOut Com
Select [Obs]	Obs Mis Sur Sta
Enter occupied station details	Create Profiles OBS NSta Ntgt
Enter a station name (FREE can be used for resection), or scroll the station file using < > keys.	Occ Sta:
The co-ordinates will be displayed if found and these may be edited	Occ E: Occ N: IH:
The station, if it is a new one may be saved to the control files, otherwise select continue.	Continue Save
Enter reference station details	OBS NSta NTgt [NRef] Ref Sta: Ref E: Ref A: Tgt Ht:
Point the instrument at the reference station and press EXE. The instrument will measure (or manual entry if instrument is "none..")	--- Point --- << Measuring >>
Whole circle bearing and errors in the observation / coordinates are displayed.	WCB: Ht Err: D. Err:
To set out from this station select [Obs]	OBS Nsta Ntgt N Ref
Mode Options	PRC HPC File OccLast Log Compare [Mode]
Choose between whole circle bearing, horizontal circle reading and horizontal and slope distances. If WCB is selected then let the Psion know if you have changed the plate on the instrument, if you select <Yes>, then it will alter the horizontal observation to the reference object as being the whole circle bearing.	WCB:HD WCB:SD HCR:HD HCR:SD Index Changed Y/N

Options		PRC RPC File OccLast LOg Compar Mode
PRC	Polar to rectangular coordinates
RPC	Rectangular to polar coordinates
File	Select coordinate file for setting out and logging to
Occlast	Occupy last observed point
Log	Log observed points as coordinates to coordinate file.
Compare	Compare observation point, if servo instrument is used it will turn instrument to desired direction.
Mode	Change setting out modes.

To set out, select RPC.

PRC RPC File OccLast LOg Compar Mode

Setting Up Design Strings

The design strings used by the Psion are three dimensional lines defined by their position and direction

Attached to these strings are roadworks widths, crossfalls and verge details.

These strings may be downloaded from the PC.

Creating Strings on the Psion

The strings are created on pack B:, the RAMpack, and when complete may be copied across to C:. A copy utility is provided for this in [Fman] which copies all files with similar first character.

Note: this is only necessary if you wish to use the additional space on the program pack for permanently storing string information.

The horizontal and vertical alignments may be typed in directly from MOSS, BIPS or similar summary. The crossfalls and widths are usually shown on the drawings.

Typical Summary

Horizontal Alignment Data

String Ref: M001

Operator:Ivan

Date:05SEP1991

Elt. No.	Chainage Start	Chainage of Origin	Eastings of Origin	Northings of Origin	Bearing of Origin	Radius	R*L
1	1504.958	1504.958	14545.042	3342.795	097,56,51	0.000	0.000
2	2948.316	2948.316	15974.531	3143.227	097,56,51	999999.99	71620.320
3	3018.531	3018.531	16403.958	3132.722	099,55,10	1020.000	0.000
4	3338.004	3408.220	16406.289	2995.470	119,50,14	1020.000	71619.810
5	3478.135	3478.435	16467.590	2961.238	117,51,56	-1020.000	0.000
6	3940.571	3940.571	16910.406	2843.530	091,54,23	-1020.000	0.000

Vertical Alignment Data

String Ref: M001

Operator:Ivan

Date:05SEP1991

Elt.No.	Chainage Start	Level	Radius
1	1504.958	108.177	13755.200
2	1742.248	112.239	-11261.261
3	2399.073	109.993	16940.252
4	3179.947	102.546	-30030.030
5	3821.149	104.364	45045.045
6	4341.241	103.288	0.000

Crossfall Data

String Ref: M001

Operator:Ivan

Date:05SEP1991

Elt. No.	Chainage Start	Crossfall % left/ Alternate File	Crossfall % Right/ Alternate File	Type of Crossfall
1	1904.958	-2.500%	-2.500%	*REGULAR*
2	2948.315	-2.500%	-2.500%	*SUPERELEVATED*
3	3018.531	3.500%	-3.500%	*REGULAR*
4	3338.004	3.500%	-3.500%	*SUPERELEVATED*
5	3478.435	-3.500%	3.500%	*REGULAR*
6	3940.000	-3.500%	3.500%	*REGULAR*

Width Data

String Ref: M001

Operator:Ivan

Date:05SEP1991

Elt. No.	Chainage Start	SOL to 1st Left Edge	SOL to 2nd Left Edge	SOL to 1st Right Edge	SOL to 2nd Right Edge
1	1504.958	-1.250	-10.550	1.250	10.550
2	3940.000	-1.250	-10.550	1.250	10.550

Please note the following:

Radius on transition is the smallest radius the spiral achieves.

For roads that "loop" it is convenient to split the strings so that no point may be relative to the same string twice.

Select [Create] from menu2.	Mis Typ Sur Sta [Create] System
Select [Horiz]ontal.	[Horiz] Vert Xfl Width List Dir
Select [Create].	[Create] Edit Add Save
Enter string reference.	Filename:
Enter element number. The consecutive number will be displayed at the bottom right of the screen.	Element No.:
Enter data. Enter RL value (only if transition).	Chain Start: Chain Origin: Easting Origin: Northing Origin: Bearing: Radius: R*L Value:
Enter 0 to end data entry.	Element No.: 0
Enter end of string data.	Chain End: Chain Origin: etc.
Select [Save].	Add Edit Save
Possible errors will be reported but please note that spiral elements whose origins are outside the alignment will report an error and may not be checked in this way.	Checking data...
The data may be listed to a printer using [List], or a directory of files obtained through [Dir]. Pressing MODE changes pack. Strings will be shown as files with data type suffixed to filename.	Horiz Vert Xfl Width List Dir
For example, string reference M001 will show the following files:
horizontal vertical crossfall width left verge right verge	M001H M001V M001C M001W M001L M001R

Create Vertical Strings

Select [Vert].	Horiz Vert Xfl Width List Dir
Select: [Create] to create a new file; [Edit] to edit an existing file; [Add] to add to an existing file.	Create Edit Add
To create a new file:
Enter the string reference.	Filename:
Enter the element number.	Element No.:
The consecutive number will be displayed at the bottom right of the screen.	1
Enter data.	Chain Start: Level Start: Radius Start:
Enter 0 to end data entry.	Element No.:0
Enter end of string data.	Chain End: etc.
Select [Save] to save data.	Add Edit Save

Create Crossfall Strings

Select [Xfl].	Horiz Vert Xfl Width List Dir
Select: [Create] to create a new file; [Edit] to edit an existing file; [Add] to add to an existing file.	Create Edit Add Save
Enter string reference.	Filename:
Enter element number.	Element No.:
The consecutive number will be displayed at the bottom right of the screen.	1
Enter data. Crossfall left % Crossfall right %	Chain Start: Crossfall L: Crossfall R:
If crossfall is unknown, enter 100 then enter alternate file or reference, e.g. slip road, retaining wall, etc.	Crossfall L: 100 Alternate:
Select [Regular] or [Superelevated] element.	Regular Superelevated
Enter 0 to end data.	Element No.: 0
Enter end of string data.	Chain End: etc.
Select [Save] to save data.	Add Edit [Save]

Create Width Strings

Select [Width].	Horiz Vert Xfl Width List Dir
	Create Edit
Enter the string reference.	Filename:
Select [Dual] or [Single] lane carriage-way.	Dual Single
Enter element number.	Element No.:
The consecutive number will be displayed in the bottom right of the screen.	1
Enter data.	Chain Stan: SOL to 1st LE: SOL to 2nd LE:
Enter second edge only if dual lane.	SOL to 1st RE: SOL to 2nd RE:
Enter 0 to end data entry.	Element No.: 0 Chain End: etc.
Select [Save] to save data.	Add Edit Save

Setting Out from Design Strings

Select [SetOut] from the main menu. Press EXE.	Fman SetOut Com Obs Mis Sur Sta
The Setting Out menu is displayed.	SetOut Nsta Ntgt NRef Log String Interval Mode OBS
To specify what information you want the Psion to display, select [Mode].	WCB HCR RECT MEAS FRL TUNNEL BATTER TRACK CHORD Custom

To calculate setting out information for a point, select [SetOut].	SetOut Nsta Ntgt NRef Log String Interval Mode OBS
You are prompted for the chainage and offset.	CH: O/S:
When you have entered the chainage and offset, the setting out information is displayed.	(Answer, such as...) HCR: HD:
You can then enter a new point by pressing EXE.
Use ON/CLEAR to return to the menu.

To display different information, change the display mode using the [Mode] menu command. When you're actually looking at a point, you can use the MODE key as a shortcut for this.

Key Presses

↑	Step back	MODE	Change display mode*
ON/CLEAR	Quit	EXE	Continue
→	Increment number by interval*
←	Decrement number by interval*		* if valid

Display Modes

The following types of information can be calculated from chainage and offset:
WCB sub-menu:
WCB:HD	Whole circle bearing andhorizontal distance	WCB: HD:
WCB:SD	Whole circle bearing, slope distance and vertical circle reading (to FRL+target)	WCB: SD: VCR:
NOTE: WCB mode does not apply to obs taken therefore if instrument index is reset it is important to re-observe the RO by running NRef. This will ensure that any PRC obs taken will be correctly oriented.
HCR sub-menu:
HCR:HD	Horizontal circle reading and horizontal distance	HCR: HD:
HCR:SD	Horizontal circle reading, slope distance and vertical circle reading (to FRL+target)	HCR: SD: VCR:
RECT	Rectangular coordinates at this chainage and offset	E: N:
MEAS	Measures to current target position and displays differences to the desired position; or, if servo instrument used, turns instrument to correct position	Hz Dist: Hz Angle: Level:
FRL	Finished road levels	FRL L: FRL R:
TUNNEL	Overbreak/underbreak against a circle or shape defined at this chainage and offset. (See Tunnels for information about shapes.)	Level: Overbreak: Dip:
BATTER	Intersection with side slope at the chainage and offset	Dip: Level: Grade: 1: SD: O/S to Batter: Drill Dist:
TRACK	Pandrol bar setting out	E: N: Level: Xfall: DX: DY:
CHORD	Whole circle bearing and distance to the last point set out	WCB: Dist:
Custom	Calls user program (see appendix for more information)

Set Out Main Menu Reference

SetOut	Input chainage and offset to display answers (according to selected mode)
Nsta	Go to new occupied station
Ntgt	Change to new target height
NRef	New reference object (sets the horizontal reading to the RO, and checks height and distance readings are correct).
Lng	Survey point and record as coordinate in current coord file.
String	Enter new string name for use in calculations
Interval	Scroll interval for chainages (scroll using ← and → )
Mode	Change display mode
OBS	Coordinate setting out and survey programs (see below)

Obs Menu Reference

PRC	Polar to rectangular coordinates
RPC	Rectangular to polar coordinates (see Mode)
FILE	Change current coordinate filename
OccLast	Uses the last point surveyed as the new occupied station
Log	Survey point and log as a coordinate into current coordinate file. The system continues logging until ON/CLEAR is pressed to return to menu.
Mode	Alter display mode.

Setting Out to Design Strings and Checking Work

This technique relates surveyed data to design, eliminating the setting out process.

Profiles

Select [Com]pare from menu2.	Fman Pro Obs Com Mis Typ Sur Sta
To compare the design profile of the road select [Profiles].	Batters Profiles Tunnel Co-ords
Input the string reference.	String:
Select output to printer.	Hardcopy Y/N
Select output to screen.	Screen Y/N
If approximate chainage is known this will speed computations considerably, so enter Y. Note that the search begins from the approximate chainage entered, so if in doubt err on the low side.	Is approx chainage known Y/N
The profiles may be calculated by: [Obs] field observations; [Co-ords] known co-ordinates; [Offsets] known chainage and offsets; [Auto] using an Obs file collected from survey module. The answers from Auto may be read at any time using [File].	Obs Co-ords Offsets Auto File
Enter approximate chainage if selected.	Approx CH: ? Thinking...
Co-ordinates will be displayed.	E= N=
Chainage and offset to the design line will be displayed.	CH= O/S=
The level of point.	Level=
Dips to the design level of road projected to this point.	Dip L= Dip R= Cont NSta NTgt Quit

Note

Batter Rails

Batter rails may be calculated from: [Obs] observations; [Co-ords] known co-ordinates; [Offsets] known chainage and offsets; [Auto] using Obs file collected from survey module.	Batters Profiles Tunnel Co-ords
	Obs Co-ords Offsets Auto File
The answers from Auto may be used at any time using [File]. Chainage and offset are calculated as with profiles.
If no verge file is present:	No Verge File
Enter verge Width.	Verge Width:
Enter difference in level of the back of the verge to the channel (see diagram).	Diff BOV - Channel

Enter gradient of batter (fill=positive, cut=negative).	Batter 1:
Enter the observations or co-ordinates as selected and the answers are displayed as:
chainage and offset	CH = O/S =
dip, grade and slope distance	DIP = Level= Grade = 1: SI.D.=
the plan offset to the design batter.	Offset to Batter = Drill D. =
	Cont Quit

Piles/Random Coordinates

Vector comparisons against an existing file of coordinates.	Fman Pro Obs Com Mis Typ Sur Sta
Select [Coords].	Batter Profiles Tunnel Coords
Enter the filename containing the design coordinates (entered through Fman or from PC).	Coord file:
Select [Y]es or [N]o to printed output.	Hardcopy Y/N:
Enter the name of an observation file already created using [Survey].	Obs file B:? Busy...
The computer will then reduce the observations to coordinates and using the label attached to the observed point will display (or print) the differences to the relevant point.	Diff E: Diff N:

Tunnels

Overbreak/underbreak is calculated in relation to a design string and shape. The shape may be circular or custom.

Circular Tunnel Shape

where the relation to the string and radius are input.	Batters Profiles Tunnel Coords
	Circular Custom
	String: Radius: Ctr Offset X: Ctr Offset Y:

Custom Tunnel Shape

where the design shape is entered as a string.		Circular [Custom]
String:	alignment string	String:
Shape:	shape string	Shape:

Select output to printer.	Hardcopy Y/N:
Select output to screen.	Screen Y/N:
If the approximate chainage is known this will speed calculations considerably, so enter Y. Note that the search begins from the value entered, so err on the low side.	Is approximate chainage known Y/N:
The tunnel may be calculated by: [Obs] field observations; [Co-ords] known co-ordinates; [Offsets] known chainage and offsets; [Auto] using an obs file collected from the survey module	Obs Coords Offsets Auto
Enter the approximate chainage if selected.	Approx CH? Thinking...
The easting and northing of the point entered are displayed.	E: N:
The computed chainage and offset are displayed.	CH: O/S:
The level of the point and the computed overbreak are displayed. Note: negative overbreak means underbreak.	Level: Overbreak:
For circular tunnels a dip is also reported.	Dip:

Entering Shapes

Shapes may be entered:

• through the NRG for Windows Shape Editor, or
   
• using the Create menu on the Psion. In this case shapes are entered as horizontal alignments, where the easting and northing values are replaced by offsets to the string. For example, the shape sketched below would be represented by a string with the following first element:

  ELEMENT 1 Chain Start: 0 Chain Origin: 0 Easting Origin: -5.000 Northing Origin: -4.000 Bearing: 0 Radius: 0

NOTE: Concave shapes are not permitted.

Trackwork

The relationship of surveyed points to design trackwork may be calculated using the Compare, Trackwork option.	Fman Pro Obs Com Mis Typ Sur Sta
	Batters Profiles Tunnel Coords Trackwork
The name of the alignment string is entered.	String:
The theoretical offset y to the grade line is input.	Offset Y:
Select output to printer. Select output to screen.	Hardcopy Y/N: Screen Y/N:
If the approximate chainage is known this will speed calculations considerably, so enter Y. Note that the search begins from the value entered, so err on the low side.	Is approximate chainage known Y/N:
The trackwork may be calculated by: [Obs] field observations; [Co-ords] known co-ordinates; [Offsets] known chainage and Offsets [Auto] using an obs file collected from the survey module	Obs Coords Offsets Auto
Enter the approximate chainage if selected.	Approx CH? Thinking...
The easting and northing of the point entered are displayed.	E: N:
The computed chainage and offset are displayed.	CH: O/S:
The level of the point and the design crossfall at this chainage are displayed.	LEVEL: XFALL:
The departures to the design position are displayed as DX and DY.	DX: DY:

Data Logging

Important: ensure instrument and Psion are switched OFF.

Connect Psion to instrument via Comms Link.

Set up instrument to communicate to serial port. (See appendix for instrument settings.)

Select [Sur]vey from menu.	Fman Pro Obs Com Mis Typ Sur Sta
Select [Log].	Log Print Mode
Enter the station details. (FREE, NEAR and LAST are accepted.)	Occ Sta: Occ E: Occ N: Inst Ht: Ref Obj: Ref E: Ref N: Ref Alt:
Enter the filename to store the observations to.	Filename for Obs:
If the file already exists, select: [Del] to delete existing file; [NewName] to enter another name; [Append] to append the new observations to the existing file.	Del Newname Append
Note that files are kept on pack B:. A RAMpack is recommended for use in B:, but a datapack may also be used. See your Psion Operation Manual.
Enter the target height.	Tgt Ht to R.O.:
A prompt is displayed to sight target and to activate measurement at the instrument if required. (For example, AGA400 press "A/M".)	Please observe R.O. and measure ← Point →
For a total station the message will be displayed.	<< Measuring >>
If no instrument is found in [System] or ON/CLEAR is pressed during << Measuring >> then input observations manually.	Manual input: HCR: VCR: Sd:
Errors will be displayed.	Ht. Err.: D. Err.:
If the errors are outside the specified limits then no observations may be taken until the correct station data is entered.	Cont NSta NTgt Offset Sta CH
	Label?4

Options

↑	increase point number in 100s
↓	decrease point number in 100s
→	increase point number in 1s
←	decrease point number in 1s
EXE	accept feature code displayed and point number, and execute measurement to this point
ON/CLEAR	return to survey menu
MODE	go to sectioning menu
Any other key	will be taken as the start of a new point label or feature code. Enter point label and press EXE.

Changing Measurement Mode

From Survey menu select [Mode].	Log Print Mode
To measure each point select [Single] (the default); or to capture each point without prompting or coding select [All]. Note that some instruments do not support this option.	Single All
To capture angles only select [No_Distances].	Distances No_Distances
To save the last point observed as a control station, select [Save_Sta].	Cont NSta NTgt Offset Save_Sta Notes
Select [AddStation].	AddStation View Quit
The coordinates are displayed.	E: N: A:
Enter the name for the station. You can use the [Notes] facility to add text to any observation.	Stn:

Sectioning

To aid the stringing of line types a section function is provided allowing up to 50 points on a section to be defined.

To record the features displayed above, the following procedure may be adopted.

Press MODE at point 1 to enter the section menu.

Select [SectF] section forward.	SectF SectB Plus Minus Delete
Enter the feature code F.	Label? F 1
Measure to the point.	<< Measuring >>
Continue.	Cont NSta Ntgt Offset
Enter the next label and repeat until the section is complete.	Label? 5
Press MODE and select [End].	SectF SectB Plus Minus Delete End
Now select [SectB] section back.
The appropriate label will be displayed for the point number. Press EXE to activate measurement.	Label? B 5
	Label? F 8
To observe a point off the section simply change the point label by pressing a character, in this case T followed by P, and measure by pressing EXE.	Label? TP 8
The next feature on the section will then be displayed as the next point.	Label? F 9
To start a new section press MODE for the section menu and select [SectF] this time.	Label? 10 Label? 13
To add a point into the section press MODE for the section menu and select [Plus].	SectF SectB Plus Minus Delete End
Enter the string of feature codes.	Label? D 13
Before starting a new section the existing section must be deleted using [Delete].	SectF SectB Plus Minus Delete End
Note that on exiting survey the sections will be erased from memory.

Offsetting

To use the offset facility select [Offset].	Cont NSta Ntgt Offset
Observe to the reflector and measure.	Label?
Select either distance or angular offset.	Distance Offset Angle Offset

 

	Observe to the reflector then enter offset distance.
	Observe to the reflector then observe again to the object.

 

Surveying

In addition to the facilities provided in data logging, Obs may also be used for on-site reduction of observations.	Fman Pro Obs Com Mis Typ Sur Sta
Enter station details (FREE, FREE3 and NEAR are accepted).	Occ Sta: E = N = Alt =
Select 1 or 2 Face Obs.	1 Face 2 Face

1 Face

Enter observations to reference object.	Tgt Ht.: HCR to R.O.: VCR to R.O.: SI. D. to R.O.:
Errors are reported.	Ht. Err.: D. Err.:
At the Obs menu, select [Obs].	Obs NSta NTgt
Enter observations to point.	Label: HCR: VCR: SI. Dist.:
Co-ordinates are displayed.	E= N= Ht=

2 Face

Select [2 Face].	1 Face 2 Face
Select [Continue].	Cont NSta NTgt
Enter label.	Label:
Enter target height.	Tgt Ht:
Enter the observations as read from the instruments.	VCR1 to RO: HCR1 to RO: HCR1 to Pt # VCH1 to Pt # VCR2 to Pt # HCR2 to Pt # HCR2 to RO: VCR2 to RO: SI. Dist. to RO: SI. Dist. to Pt #
Errors are reported for height and distance.	Ht err to RO = D. err to RO =
The horizontal and vertical index errors are displayed.	HZ. Ind. = V. Ind. =
The co-ordinates of the point are displayed.	E = N = Alt =

Traversing

A traverse program is provided allowing entry and reduction of traverse observations.

Press EXE.
Select instrument.	AGA400 WILDT1 WILDT2 WILDT3
Enter filename to take traverse.	Filename:
If the file already exists, select [NewName] to enter a new name, [Delete] to delete the existing file, or [Append] to add to the existing traverse.	NewName Delete Append
Upon starting a new traverse, enter the opening reference object. The co-ordinates will be taken from the station file and displayed for editing.	Back Stn: Back E: Back N: Back Alt: Back Tgt:
Enter occupied station name and details. Instrument heights and target heights need only be selected if station levels are required.	Occ Stn: Occ E: Occ N: Occ Ch:
Enter the forward target height if known. Otherwise enter 0 and the instrument height will be used when this is entered for the forward station.	Frwd Stn: Frwd Target or 0:
Target heights are closely monitored with instrument heights, and the program will query if changes appear to have been made.

Traverse Menu

Options:	Traverse NSta Print Edit Close Serve System Quit
Traverse: Take observations from current occupied station. Nsta: Change occupied station. Print: Print all raw observations taken so far. Edit: n/a Close: close traverse and apply adjustments as required.
Save: save observations taken so far. It is important to do this regularly. System: set up printers, instrument, etc. Quit: exit traverse program.	WARNING! If the battery goes whilst saving, the data may be lost! Ensure good batteries are used. Use RAMpacks wherever possible (they take less power). Save regularly to a backup file.

Take observations by selecting [Traverse].	Traverse NSta Print Edit Close Save System Quit
The current forward station will be displayed. Press EXE.	Fwrd Stn:
Sight the back station (displayed) and press EXE. The current angle number is displayed bottom left.	Sight: 1    Press EXE
Measurement is prompted.	Measure now << Measuring >>
Note: using a coaxial instrument will only require the angles to be measured and distances will be input after all the angles have been taken.
Sight forward station (displayed) and press EXE.	Sight: 1    Press EXE << Measuring >>
Transit the telescope and sight the forward station again	Transit Telescope Sight: 2    Press EXE << Measuring >>
Sight the back station (displayed) and press EXE.	Sight: 2    Press EXE << Measuring >>
After the last measurement of this round the index errors will be displayed. Press EXE.	Hz I: V I:
Continue: to observe another round. Reject: to reject the last round. Enough: to finish observation (and do distances in non-coaxial instruments). Abort: reject the setup and return to the traverse main menu.	Continue Reject Enough Abort
On completion of angles and if non-coaxial instrument is used, fit distance measurer and press EXE.	Fit Distomat Press EXE
Measure to back station and press EXE.	Meas. to: 1    Press EXE
Enter the slope distance.	Slope Dist.:
Average distance taken so far will be displayed. Press EXE.	Average Dist.:
Continue: to enter another distance. Enough: to finish distances to this station. Reject: to reject last distance.	Continue Enough Reject
Sight forward station (displayed) and press EXE. Measure to the forward station and enter the slope distance.	Meas. to: 1    Press EXE Slope Dist.:
Average distance so far is displayed. Press EXE.	Average Dist:
Upon selecting [Enough] the traverse menu will be displayed.	Continue [Enough] Reject
Before moving on to the next setup you must save the observations.	Traverse NSta Print Edit Close Save System Quit
Confirm filename and press EXE.	Save File:
Note: if you wish to branch off with another traverse from here later, it is possible to save the file again to a different filename and pick up from here with the next traverse.
Move onto next station and select [NSta].	Traverse NSta Print Edit Close Save System Quit
Confirm filename and press EXE.	Save File:
The next logical station name will be displayed. Press EXE.	Occ. Stn.:
Enter instrument height if heights are required.	Inst. Ht.:
Enter new forward station name.	Frwd. Stn.:
Enter target height on forward station if heights are required.	Frwd. Tgt. or 0:
Confirm or change the target height on the back station.	Back Tgt.:
The traverse may be "closed" at any point. Since only the raw observations are stored this will not affect the continuation of the traverse.	Traverse NSta Print Edit Close Save System Quit
Select [Close]. You will be prompted to save. Press EXE.	Save File:
The occupied station is displayed and the coordinates displayed for editing. Press EXE.	Occ. Stn.: Occ. E: Occ. N: Occ. Alt:
The forward station is displayed for editing along with the co-ordinates.	Frwd Stn: Frwd E: Frwd N:
Press Y if printer output is required. (Be sure that the printer is connected.) Otherwise press N.	Printer Y/N
The bearings will be computed.	Computing Brgs Stn:
The bearing misclosure will be displayed. Press Y to adjust the bearings or N to hold them.	B Misc: Adjust Y/N
The co-ordinates will be computed.	Comput'g Coords Stn:
The misclosures will be displayed.	E misc: N misc:
Press EXE. Press EXE.	Alt misc: Misc: 1:
Press Y to adjust the co-ordinates (by equal shifts) or N to hold them.	Adjust Y/N
Screen displays Adjusted Y or N.	Adjusting (Y/N) Stn:
The co-ordinates of the station may be saved to the control station file by answering Y.	Save Stations Y/N
Note: if a duplicate station is found in an existing control station file then you have the following options:
EraseOld: overwrite the existing station. NewName: rename the new station. Skip: do not save this station.	EraseOld NewName Skip
If printed output has been selected, make sure the printer is on line and press EXE. The report will then be printed.	Turn on printer Press EXE
To quit, select [Quit], confirm filename (or rename), and the traverse will automatically be saved.	Traverse Nsta Print Edit Close Save System Quit

Data Transfer to the PC

Select [Fman] for file management.	Fman Pro Obs Com Mis Typ Sur Sta
Select [Dump].	Dir Space Del Coords Dump Copy
Enter the job directory on the PC. (This will be something like c:/nrg/demo. Note that the Psion has no \ key so a / is used instead.)	Data stored where on PC?
Select [Transmit] to send data to the PC.	Transmit Receive Quit
The option to view the files currently on the Psion will be displayed. Press Y for yes, N for no. Note that if a file exists on the Psion then it will be overwritten by the new file.	Dir Y/N
Select [Obs] to transfer observations, [Coords] coordinate data, [Stn] station data, [Strings] string data, or [Traverse] traverse obs.	Obs Coords Stn Strings Traverse
Press MODE to change the pack to B: and press EXE.	Pack B:
Check that the PC is displaying the Organiser II Comms Link message and press Y. Press EXE to return to the menu.	Pack B: Is PC Ready (Y) Controls Received
Now select [Receive] to download the string data.	Transmit Receive Quit
The directory message is displayed; press N.	Dir Y/N
Select [Strings]. ([Coords] and [Stn] are as above; [Job] is a job file created on the PC.)	Coords Stn Strings Job
Press MODE to change pack to B:.	Pack B:
Enter the name of the string to download.	Pack B: String: M001
When the received message is displayed, press EXE.	M001 Received
Press ON/CLEAR to return to the Fman menu, and ON/CLEAR again to return to the main menu.	Transmit Receive Quit Dir Space Del Coords Dump Copy Fman Pro Obs Com Mis Typ Sur Stn

Psion Troubleshooting

Communications Errors reported on the Psion are: 186: disc full The PC's data drive is full. Carry out housekeeping. 188: server error The PC is not ready. Check that the following are OK: - the Psion is connected to COM1: with the correct cable; - the Comms Link server message is displayed on the PC. If not, select the relevant download option on the PC: if the message is still not displayed then check that cl.exe and s_ftran.exe exist in your program drive and that command.com exists in the root directory. 189: file not found You have attempted to download a file that doesn't exist. For strings check the .odb file exists in the string directory on the PC: if not then resave the string. Check that the "Data stored where on PC?" has been entered correctly: this should be the name entered as the contract name, or the full contract path. If [Dump] doesn't ask "Data stored where on PC?" then you have stored it in [System]. Either store the correct path again or use [Fman] to delete the files A:SYSDAT and C:SYSDAT if they exist.

Appendix

Saving System Configuration

Connect Comms Link.

With the packs inserted into the Psion, press ON/CLEAR and the NRG main menu will be displayed.

No special setting up needs to be done, since the appropriate questions will be asked when they are needed.

If you wish to dedicate the Psion to your peripherals then select [System] from the main menu.

Select your printer.	DM580 P80
Enter the route to get to the data. (See Transferring Data; usually c:/nrg/[jobname].)	Data on PC stored where?
Select your instrument.	AG/X400 WILDT1 WILDT2 WILDT3
Enter the distance and height errors you will accept on checking the instrument setup.	Max. Distance Error: Max. Height Error:
Select angular measurement mode.	Degrees Grads

This data will be stored on the Psion itself and will need to be re-entered whenever you change your batteries. Alternatively you can copy A:SYSDAT to C: using the Psion copy function, but this may only be changed around ten times due to the available space on the datapack.

Printer Settings

	Baud	Parity	Bits	Stop Bits	Handshake	Width
DM50	1200	even	8	1	RTS+DTR	132
P80	4800	none	8	2	RTS+DTR	80
PC	9600	even	8	1	XON	80
Psion	not applicable

Setting Up Instruments to Transmit

NRG supports a wide range of measuring instruments, and we are always prepared to add more. You can input data from non-Psion data loggers using the "Import to NRG" command on the Data Conversion Menu (q.v.). However, you must first set up your instrument to send its output through the serial port. Instructions on how to do this for the instruments supported are included in the Help material on the Psion Data Menu and are reproduced here for reference.

You need to perform the following operations, which can be done by making the exact keystrokes listed.

Note for all Wild instruments

Before sending data to the Psion it is necessary to send a 'standard data block'. To ensure that this block is sent, make the following keystrokes on the instrument.

SET REC ±99 RUN REC SET REC 99 RUN REC

Wild T1000 Old

Turn ? to off

[SET SET SET REC]

Wild T1000 New

data output	[SET 5 7 5 RUN ALL]
or emulate T2000 and select T2 on Psion	[SET 5 7 4 RUN TEST]

Wild TC1000

Select TC1 New on Psion.

Set up TC1000 if necessary:		Screen Display
	SET MODE 7 5 RUN ALL RUN	COM
	SET MODE 7 6 RUN ALL RUN	GRE
	SET MODE 7 0 RUN REP RUN	9600
	SET MODE 7 1 RUN DATA RUN	EVEN
	SET MODE 7 3 RUN TEST RUN	CR

(The MODE key is the one labelled 5 on the panel. If the screen display is not correct, then use the REP key to cycle between options.)

Wild T1600/TC1600

SET MODE 7 0 RUN 6 RUN	9600
SET MODE 7 1 RUN 2 RUN	EVEN
SET MODE 7 3 RUN 1 RUN	CR LF
SET MODE 7 5 RUN 0 RUN	DATA
SET MODE 7 6 RUN 0 RUN	GRE

The TC 1600 uses CR instead of CR+LF and uses COM instead of DATA. You can select these by pressing REP to cycle between options.

Wild T2000/TC2000/T2000S

SET MODE 79 RUN 0 RUN
SET MODE 75 RUN 0 RUN	GRE off
SET MODE 70 RUN 4 RUN	2400 baud
SET MODE 71 RUN 2 RUN	even parity
SET MODE 73 RUN 1 RUN	CR LF

(Note: the TC2000 uses CR instead of CR+LF. Use the REP key to cycle between options.)

Geotronics instruments

Set Communications	[ MNU	4 {Data Comm}
		1 {Select Device}
		2 {Serial}
		Yes {Serial On}
Set Parameters to	COM=1.8.0.9600
Enter table number	0
Reg. Key?	No
Slave?	Yes ]

Topcon GTS3B

Switch the instrument off.
Switch on with [R/L] held down.	0 SET displayed
Move telescope as normal.	FAC.. is displayed then disappears
	00 is displayed
Press [] once.	10.??
Press [VH] twice.	12.??
Press [R/L] to change 6th character to 1.	12.??.?1
Press [REP] to change 5th character to 0.	12.??.01
Press [0 SET].	12.01
Press [VH].	13 is displayed.
Press [VH].	14 is displayed.
Press [0 SET].	14 SET is displayed.
Switch off.

Sokkisha or Pentax instruments

These instruments will set themselves up automatically when switched on.

If the instrument that you want is not listed. Contact NRG at the number given on the cover page, and we will try to develop a convertor for it.

Setting Out Profiles

Select [Pro]files from menu2. Press EXE.	Fman SetOut Com Mis Typ Sur Sta Pro
	Profiles
Select points to be offset from the design line (SOL); or edge of carriageway as defined by width strings; or back of verge as defined by verge defaults.	SOL Edge
Select by pressing Y or N the information required.	Levels: Co-ordinates: Polars:
The Psion displays tangential bearing, widths, crossfalls and grade level.	T.Brg., W, G, L:
Choose whether to output to the printer.	Hardcopy:
Choose whether to output to the screen.	Screen:
Enter string reference name.	File:
If offsets and interval are constant then start and end chainage may be entered.	Offsets constant? Y/N
Otherwise enter each chainage in turn.	Chainage: Offset L: Offset R:
After a short pause, levels will be displayed if selected. Otherwise the next chainage will be requested.	CH: L: R: FRL LL: FRL LR: FRL RR: FRL RL: Xfall L: Xfall R:

pleted and co-ordinates will be displayed if requested.	Chainage: 0
The co-ordinates are now stored and may be accessed for setting out. If polars are selected then setting out may begin.
Enter the name of the occupied station. FREE, FREE3 and NEAR are again all valid.	Occ Sta:
Select: [Ref] to obtain reference bearings; [NSta] to change station; [Polar] to display bearings and distances.	Ref Polar NSta NTgt PRC Quit
Chainage and offset will be displayed first.	CH: L: R:
Press EXE to continue or S to calculate slope distance.	Brg L: Dist L:
Press EXE to continue or S to calculate slope distance.	Brg R: Dist R:
← to scroll back through chainages → to scroll forward through chainages ON/CLEAR to skip to menu EXE to display next chainage	Press ← → or EXE

Displaying Information With Custom Programs

If you know how to program the Psion using OPL, you can call custom programs from the Setting Out menu. You access custom programs by selecting the Custom display mode option (see Setting Out from Design Strings).

To do this, you need to write a program called CUSTOM. (If you want a selection of functions, just have CUSTOM display its own submenu.) CUSTOM knows the chainage and offset entered, but is responsible for collecting any additional data required and for all its own output. Refer to the Psion Organiser manual for information about programming in OPL.

Your custom procedure can see a number of variables provided by NRG. These are global variables; be sure that you know what you are doing if you modify them.

The following NRG global variables are available to custom programs:

FILE$(9)	The currently open string file
COORD$(8)	The currently open coordinate file
STA$(16)	Name of the current occupied station
STN%	Record number for the current occupied station
EOCC, NOCC, ALT	Coordinates of current occupied station
IH	Instrument height
EOCCUP, NOCCUP, AOCCUP	Last occupied coordinates
STAL$(16)	Last station name
RO$(12)	Name of the current reference object
REF%	Record number for the current reference object
ALTRO	Altitude of the RO
ROVCR	Vertical circle reading to the RO
RODIST	Distance measured to the RO
BRGRO	Bearing to the RO
RO	Horizontal reading to the RO
TGT	Target height
EASTA, NORTHA	Coords of last point calculated from chainage and offset
LASTE, LASTN	Coords of last point picked up (see e.g. CHORD)
HEIGHT	Altitude of the last point input or surveyed
HCR, VCR, SD	Last observations taken
DIST, BRG	Last bearing and distance calculated
CH	Last chainage input
OS	Last offset input
TANG	Last tangent bearing of string calculated
FRLL, FRLR	Finished road levels at the chosen offset (left and right)
CFL, CFR	Road crossfalls (left and right)
WLl, WL2,	Road widths (inner and outer,
WR1, WR2	left and right)
HT, HT2	Heights on the grade (left and right)
FRL	Finished road level at the chosen offset: if offset<0 then equals FRLL, else equals FRLR
VNEED%	Flag set to calculate vertical data: true=yes, false=n0
CIRCLE$(1)	D=degrees, G=grads
SCALEF	Scale factor
INTERVAL	Interval used for increment/decrement commands
SERVO%	Flag: true=serv0 instrument, false=non-servo instrument
NODIST%	Flag: true=don't insist on distance from instrument, false=do insist
TXOS, TYOS	Tunnel x and y offsets
TRADIUS	Radius of circular tunnel
SHAPE$(8)	Name of tunnel shape file
FILVAL$(70)	The set of valid characters
FILVAL$="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890"

Index

Symbols 1 face (2) 2 face (2) A angular measurement angular offset approximate chainage auto (2) B back of verge batter rails (2) branch C checking work close traverse co-ordinates (2) coaxial instrument Comms Link (2) (3) (4) communications troubleshooting compare trackwork control stations coordinate files crossfall (2) (3) regular superelevated custom program calling cut D data logging data transfer datapack design batter design strings (2) creating setting out to dip (2) directory distance errors (2) (3) distance offset download (2) dump E example F feature code (2) file management (2) fill Fman. See file management forward station (2) (3) free station (2) (3) (4) free3 (2) G grade (2) gradient H height errors (2) (3) horizontal alignments horizontal index errors I index changed? index errors instrument (2) coaxial instrument instruments setting up L label (2) (3) (4) last station (2) list log M main menu manual observations entry measurement (2) measurement mode menu2 (2) (3) (4) misclosure N near station (2) (3) (4) O observations Obs menu occupied station (2) (3) offset angular distance offsetting orientation overbreak P peripherals piles point number (2) PRC. See observations print printer (2) (3) (4) printer settings profiles (2) R radius RAMpack (2) random coordinates receive reduction (2) reference object (2) resection RL value RPC (2) S serial port setting out (2) Set Out menu setting out by coordinates setting out from design strings (2) setting out to design strings setting up instruments sexagesimal entry shapes custom tunnel entering slope distance (2) (3) station (2) (3) (4) control station file (2) station files string data strings creating strings survey surveying system configuration T tangential bearing target height (2) (3) (4) (5) total station trackwork (2) transition transmit traversing troubleshooting tunnel (2) typical summary U underbreak V verge verge details vertical alignments (2) vertical index errors W width (2) (3)